After loss · 6 min read
Pregnancy loss is one of the most painful experiences a person or couple can go through, and going through it more than once is especially hard. This guide explains what recurrent miscarriage means, what we currently understand about why it happens, and the support available to you.
Before anything else: if you are reading this in the middle of loss, we are so sorry. There is no right way to feel, and no timeline you need to keep up with. The information below is here when you're ready — not before.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) currently defines recurrent miscarriage as the loss of three or more pregnancies in a row, though many UK clinics will now offer investigations after two consecutive losses. It is more common than people realise — around 1 in 100 couples trying to conceive are affected.
In about half of cases, no specific cause is ever identified, which can feel deeply unfair. When a cause is found, it often falls into one of a few categories:
Chromosomal factors — most early miscarriages are caused by a random chromosomal issue in the developing embryo, which becomes more common with age.
Uterine factors — the shape of the womb, fibroids, polyps or scarring can sometimes affect implantation.
Blood-clotting conditions — particularly antiphospholipid syndrome (sometimes called "sticky blood"), which is one of the few treatable causes.
Hormonal and metabolic conditions — thyroid disorders, poorly controlled diabetes and some other endocrine conditions can play a role.
Genetic factors in one partner — rarely, a balanced chromosomal rearrangement in one partner can increase the risk of loss.
It's important to say clearly: the everyday things people often blame themselves for — working, exercising gently, having sex, stress, lifting a toddler, a glass of wine before you knew — are not causes of miscarriage. The Miscarriage Association has excellent resources that gently address this guilt, which is so common and so unwarranted.
After two or three losses it is reasonable to ask for a referral for investigations after pregnancy loss. Even where no cause is found, the reassurance and care of a specialist clinic — combined with early scans in a future pregnancy — has been shown to improve outcomes. Charities such as Tommy's fund leading UK research into miscarriage and offer free midwife-led support.
Recurrent miscarriage carries a huge emotional weight, and that weight deserves real support — not just a referral letter. Our guide to emotional support lists some of the people and services that can help. If you'd like to talk things through with us, you're always welcome to get in touch.
